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2013, vol. 64, br. 1, str. 26-34
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Mikobiota semena ambrozije
Mycobiota of ragweed seeds
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine, Srbija bInstitut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: bagifer@polj.uns.ac.rs
Projekat: Novi proizvodi cerealija i pseudocerealija iz organske proizvodnje (MPNTR - 46005)
Razrada integrisanog upravljanja i primene savremenih principa suzbijanja štetnih organizama u zaštiti bilja (MPNTR - 31018)
Sažetak
Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju na činjenicu da je seme ambrozije pogodan supstrat za razvoj mnogobrojnih mikroorganizama među kojima gljive zauzimaju značajno mesto. U radu su prikazana istraživanja saprofitne i patogene mikobiote semena ambrozije iz prirodne populacije na uzorcima sa pet lokaliteta: Budisava, Novi Sad - Detelinara, Kać, Bački Maglić i Kisač. U okviru primenjenih medoda koje preporučuje (ISTA- International Rules for Seed Testing) ustanovljeno je prisustvo gljiva iz rodova Fusarium, Sordaria, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Chaetomium, Penicillium, Cladosporium i Aspergillus. Najčešće izolovana gljiva je rod Chaetomium. Stepen kontaminacije Chaetomium kretao u širokom rasponu u zavisnosti od lokaliteta i taj procenat je bio od 19,1-50%. Utvrđene su je često mešana infekcija gljivama iz različitih rodova. Postoje značajne razlike između zaraženosti semena iz različitih lokaliteta. Visoka kontaminacija semena ambrozije gljivama predstavlja opasnost od moguće sinteze mikotoksina koje mogu negativno da utiču na sastav eterskog ulja ambrozije koje se koristi u kozmetičke i farmaceutske svrhe. Kako je korovska vrsta Ambrosia artemisifolia široko rasprostranjena u našoj zemlji, neophodno je paralelno sa primenom hemijskih i mehaničkih mera borbe ispitati i mogućnost korišćenja bioloških mera suzbijanja.
Abstract
Results of this research indicate that seed of common ragweed is a favorable substrate for development of many different microorganisms, among which fungi take important place. Therefore, saprophytic and parasitic mycobiota of common ragweed seed from natural populations are studied in this publication. Common ragweed seeds were collected from five localities: Budisava, Novi Sad - Detelinara, Kać, Bački Maglić and Kisač. Within methods that were used (ISTA-International Rules for Seed Testing), we determined presence of fungi from the following genera: Fusarium, Sordaria, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Chaetomium, Penicillium, Cladosporiumand Aspergillus. The most commonly isolated fungi was Chaetomium spp. Seed contamination rate greatly varied depending on locality between 19,1 and 50%. Mixed infections with fungi from different genera were common. High common ragweed seed contamination endangers purity of essential oil which is used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to possible mycotoxin synthesis. Additionally, as Ambrosia artemisifolia is widely distributed weed in our country, against which it is necessary to regularly apply chemical and mechanical control measures, results of this research may also indicate the possibility to use biological agents in control of common ragweed.
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