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Vrednovanje preduzeća savremenim metodama
Enterprise evaluation according to contemporary methods
Sažetak
U radu su izložene osnovne karakteristike savremenih metoda vrednovanja i to dodata ekonomska vrednost i dodata tržišna vrednost. Navedene metode vrednovanja se primenjuju kada je osnovni cilj funkcionisanja preduzeća stvaranje vrednosti za vlasnike (akcionare). Za iskazivanje i praćenje kretanja vrednosti preduzeća neophodno je ustrojiti efikasno i pouzdano merilo za ocenu uspešnosti poslovanja u kratkoročnom i dugoročnom periodu. Zajednička karakteristika savremenih metoda vrednovanja je da se rezidualnom dobiti mere performanse preduzeća kao i da se vrednost ostvaruje ako menadžerske odluke donose veću korist od troškova. Korist se može ostvariti odmah, u skoroj ili daljoj budućnosti. Troškovi obuhvataju eksplicitne i implicitne troškove. Savremene metode vrednovanja troškove kapitala posmatraju u širem smislu, odnosno pored kamata na angažovan tuđ kapital uključuju i očekivane prinose na angažovan sopstveni kapital (dividendu). Uključivanje troškova kapitala u širem smislu, pri utvrđivanju vrednosti je jedan od faktora koji savremene metode diferencira od tradicionalnih metoda vrednovanja.
Abstract
The work reports on the basic characteristics of contemporary evaluation methods as economic value added (EVA) and market value added (MVA). The cited evaluation methods are applied when the aim of an enterprise is to create values for shareholders. To report and keep track of the enterprise value, it is necessary to organize an efficient and reliable measure for estimating business performance in the short-term and the long-term periods. The joint characteristic of contemporary evaluation methods is to measure enterprise performance by residual profit, as well as to realize value if management decision-making brings larger profit than costs. Profit can be realized immediately, in the near or the far future. Costs include explicit and implicit costs. Contemporary evaluation methods consider capital costs in the broader sense, i.e. beside interests on invested loan capital, they include expected profit on invested own capital (dividends). Including capital costs in the broader sense, when determining values, is one of factors to differ contemporary evaluation methods from traditional ones.
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